Fiber optics system do have some limitation.many of these are changing as the technology advances,but some yet do not have solutions in sight:
1.The cost of the fiber is much greater than that of basic copper wire in same configurations,although it is much less today than it was 10 years ago.A basic optical fiber costs anywhere from Rs.20 to 100 per meter,depending on the specific type of construction used.
2.It is difficult to splice optical fiber to make them longer or to repair breaks(both mechanical and chemical technique are used to splice fiber).Copper wire is still easier to splice-connect the two wire ends in a mechanical crimp or solder them together.The type of temporary repair that is used for copper wire,where the wires are twisted and taped or quickly soldered,is impossible with optical fiber.The fiber optics splice must be done nearly perfectly using standardized procedures or else it is virtually useless.
3.Connectors for fiber optics are more complex to attach to the cable and required precise physical alignment.In contrast,wire connector are quickly crimped or soldered to the wire,and the actual mating connector with its receptacle is tolerant of slight mechanical mismatch or misalignment.
4.Switching and routing of fiber optical signal is difficult. To take a signal from single fiber cable and distribute it to two cables requires a large;complex optical or electronic/optical assembly.Similarly,switching an optical fiber signal from one path to another required some advanced and costly systems.In contrast,a signal copper wire is easily connected to two other wires,and a simple,low cost,reliable mechanical switch allows a signal on one wire to be sent to the desired path or used in a matrix.
5.The test equipment and techniques needed for fiber optics are different in many ways than they are required for electronic signal paths.
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