ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

A machine with reasoning,learning and logic capability is said to possess artificial intelligence.For example,expert systems posses artificial intelligence.An expert system is a software which utilizes a knowledge base collected from human specialists in a certain area,and helps users refer to this expertise in making their own decisions.

An artificial intelligence system has a knowledge base and programming technique to probe and process the facts in the knowledge base.The development of a knowledge base is very difficult and time consuming job.To develop a knowledge base the designers and research workers consult experts of a particular field.They collect facts that are based on the knowledge and experience of the experts in that field.such a collection forms knowledge base.An expert system uses a knowledge base for its artificial intelligence.Besides expert's knowledge an expert system also uses the decision rules of human specialists to reach certain conclusion and to give recommendations.Natural language may be used to input the user's facts and queries.The recommendation made by an expert system is based on the collection of information in the knowledge base.Hence,the knowledge base must be updates regularly.An expert system select one of many opinions depending on input data and information.The machine uses a set of decision rules on logical basis to choose an opinion.The machine is designed to perform such logical functions.It asks users to supply information on a problem.Computer then processes the information and reaches conclusion making use of the  knowledge base.

Due to  various many organizations want to develop expert systems.If an expert retires,dies or resigns the organization looses his expertise.So this is a very good reason to preserve expertise of experienced specialist's expertise.Some examples of expert systems are as follows.

Several expert systems in various specialized fields have been developed and diagnose diseases and recommend treatment.An expert system called HELP has been developed to diagnose heart diseases.Another  expert package is PUFF which has been designed to diagnose lungs diseases.The expert system CADUCEUS is a generalized package.It can process and evaluate over 4000 symptoms and other information to diagnose over 600 diseases.