With the development of VLSI technology it became possible to fabricate a digital computer on a single IC chip.A digital computer fabricated on a single IC chip is called single-chip microcomputer.since it is widely used for control application,it is called microcontroller. It is very small and compact.It forms the part of the devices or equipment which is to be controlled.It is used for industrial control,process control,consumer and appliances control,instrumentation,etc.it contains a CPU,memory (RAM,and ROM/EPROM) and I/O lines.A powerful microcontroller may contain some other components which are needed for control application such as analog-to-digital converter,digital-to-analog converter,interrupt controller,DMA controller,wave generator,etc.
Intel developed 8-bit microcontrollers 8051 series was developed.8-bit microcontrollers are used for simple and low-cost control applications.In 1983,Intel developed 16-bit microcontrollers,8096 series.Later on,it developed 80196 series of 16-bit microcontrollers. These were more powerful and were used in sophisticated industrial control,intelligent computer peripherals,instrumentation,etc.
Other manufactures also developed 4-bits,8-bits,16-bit and 32-bit microcontrollers.Motorola developed 32-bit microcontrollers are used for complex control applications.
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